Outcrossing rates in two seed orchards of Pinus nigra Arn. in Bulgaria

Seed orchards are an important source of seeds with improved genetic quality. Here we present results a study on the composition seed crop Austrian black pine ( Pinus nigra Arn.). Two were included in – clonal orchard established near Sliven, and seedling orchard, region Simitli. The outcrossing rates higher (Sliven), 0.873 0.806 multi-locus (t m ) single-locus s estimates, respectively. same values 0.623 0.530, respectively, (Simitli). inbreeding coefficient was positive both cases, but significantly different from zero only (0.101 vs. 0.032). Thus, two studied demonstrate efficiency. discussed relation to management efficiency.